Glimpsing Liminality and the Poetics of Faith: Ethics and the Fantastic Spirit
Open Access
- Author:
- Ohmoto-Frederick, Ayumi Clara
- Graduate Program:
- Comparative Literature
- Degree:
- Doctor of Philosophy
- Document Type:
- Dissertation
- Date of Defense:
- December 04, 2008
- Committee Members:
- Thomas Oliver Beebee, Committee Chair/Co-Chair
Reiko Tachibana, Committee Member
Monique Yvonne Yaari, Committee Member
Veronique Marion Foti, Committee Member - Keywords:
- Japanese
apparition
ghost
obake
spirit
modern
European
liminality - Abstract:
- Abstract This study expands the concept of reframing memory through reconciliation and revision by tracing the genealogy of a liminal supernatural entity (what I term the fantastic spirit and hereafter denote as FS) through works including Ovid’s Narcissus and Echo (AD 8), Dante Alighieri’s Vita Nuova (1292-1300), Yokomitsu Riichi’s Haru wa Basha ni notte (1915), Miyazawa Kenji’s Ginga tetsudo no yoru (1934), and James Joyce’s The Dead (1914). This comparative analysis differentiates, synthesizes, and advances upon conventional conceptions of the fantastic spirit narrative. What emerges is an understanding of how fantastic spirit narratives have developed and how their changes reflect conceptions of identity, alterity, and spirituality. Whether the afterlife is imagined as spatial relocation, transformation of consciousness, transformation of body, or hallucination, the role of the fantastic spirit is delineated by the degree to which it elicits a more profound relationship between the Self and Other. This increased participation is often precipitated by a creative renewal of faith derived from belief in FSs. Depending upon the culture-specific trope, the influence of the FS is markedly different. Ghost, apparition, spectre, and obake are conventionally interchangeable concepts, yet they each articulate a unique reality. The ghost is a disembodied spirit, the apparition is a transformed spirit with a transformed body, the spectre is related to the perception of the protagonist (e.g., a possible hallucination), and the obake is a changed object. From the original Freudian idea of the uncanny, I argue that the FS narrative’s bracketing of culture-specific issues of alterity and identity has diversified from an enclosed gothic paradigm to a dialogic encounter, influenced by modernity, that is structurally versus historically based. The authors studied here incorporate and innovate traditional spiritual structures in their personal narratives. The result is a new role for the cultural imaginary.