The ability to control the macromolecular structures, properties and functions of photoactive and electroactive polymers remains a key subject for the development of next-generation functional materials. Taking advantage of the well-known self-assembling ability of block copolymers, the incorporation of photoactive and electroactive blocks in block copolymers is a promising approach to achieve the control of the packing of the polymer chains and hence the resulting mechanical, electronic and optical properties. Therefore, the major goal of this thesis is to develop novel synthetic methods for the synthesis of block copolymers containing photoactive and electroactive blocks, which can also be used as the functional materials to probe the correlations between self-assembled nanostructures and associated optical and electronic properties.