Evaluating the role of parental involvement in public preschool in predicting the development of emergent literacy skills
Open Access
- Author:
- Morgan, Nicole R
- Graduate Program:
- Human Development and Family Studies
- Degree:
- Doctor of Philosophy
- Document Type:
- Dissertation
- Date of Defense:
- February 27, 2014
- Committee Members:
- Scott David Gest, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor
Scott David Gest, Committee Chair/Co-Chair
James Douglas Coatsworth, Committee Member
Mark T Greenberg, Committee Member
Paul Morgan, Committee Member - Keywords:
- parent involvement
propensity score matching
preschool program - Abstract:
- Preschool parental involvement is critical to fighting the war on poverty and strengthening children’s school readiness skills. Existing empirical studies demonstrate that broad indicators of parent involvement are positively associated with children’s academic success. However, longitudinal studies that clarify the role of preschool participation in promoting parent involvement and that link specific components of parental involvement to specific dimensions of emergent literacy skills are needed. This dissertation has two primary goals: (1) to clarify how parent involvement changes as a result of one year compared to two years of a universal preschool program; and (2) to clarify how specific domains of parent involvement predict to children’s emergent literacy skills in Kindergarten. Preschool children (ages 3-4 years) and their parents were recruited from a very disadvantaged Northeastern urban community. The total analytic sample included 290 children (n=145 entered at age 3; n=145 entered at age 4). Three hypotheses were partially supported. The first hypothesis was that a longer duration of preschool programming (2 years versus 1 year) would result in increased parent involvement. By using matched propensity score analyses, findings suggest that two years of preschool programming, compared to one year, improved parent-child talking activities and parent emergent literacy practices at home. Also, two years of preschool programming was marginally related to parents “showing up” at school (e.g., volunteering in class, field trips, and attending school wide events). The second hypothesis was that the quality of teacher-parent interactions would help explain the increased parent involvement. Teacher’s ratings of the quality of the relationship with the parent were positively related to parents making more visits to the library. The third hypothesis was that greater parent involvement would improve children’s school readiness skills, specifically emergent literacy skills. Parent talking activities predicted Kindergarten receptive vocabulary skills, and a composite of parents “showing up” at school activities was a significant predictor of receptive vocabulary. Lastly, visits to the library significantly predicted children’s Kindergarten letter word identification skills. Implications for parent involvement and future directions for preschool programs are discussed.