Techno-Socio-Economic Analysis of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations
Restricted (Penn State Only)
- Author:
- Nazari-Heris, Morteza
- Graduate Program:
- Architectural Engineering
- Degree:
- Doctor of Philosophy
- Document Type:
- Dissertation
- Date of Defense:
- May 17, 2022
- Committee Members:
- Somayeh Asadi, Chair & Dissertation Advisor
James Freihaut, Major Field Member
Houtan Jebelli, Major Field Member
Nilanjan Ray Chaudhuri, Outside Unit, Field & Minor Member
Julian Wang, Professor in Charge/Director of Graduate Studies - Keywords:
- Electric vehicles
EV smart parking lot
Energy management
Social equity access
Economic analysis - Abstract:
- Road transportation accounts for 21% of global energy consumption and it will increase unless and until the share of carbon-intensive transportation fuels is replaced by cleaner sources. Electric vehicles (EVs) are promising alternatives to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles and have gained significant attention in recent years. The integration of EVs into the energy industry has introduced an unprecedented complexity into the energy supply system because of drivers' preferences and uncertain nature of drivers' behavior. Such complexity highlights the need to develop an infrastructure to support EVs' charging and tackle the potential impacts of the new charging infrastructure on the electric grid. The uncertainty of arrival and departure times to/from the charging station, as well as the state of charge (SOC) at the arrival time of the EVs are critical challenges in the entry of such vehicles and charging infrastructures into energy networks. Also, during the charging time of EVs in charging stations with a limited number of spots, EVs will stand for a long time at the charging point, and they block charging space for other EVs. The more EVs, the more significant problem of the charging space. To overcome these challenges, the smart parking lot (SPL) concept has been introduced, which is defined as an EV charging station with a large capacity of charging spots and a capability of managing the charging/discharging of the EVs. SPL can contain local energy generation units such as renewable energy sources and electrical energy generators to supply the energy loads of EVs. On the other hand, including the social element such as accessibility across block groups by socioeconomic statuses, primarily race/ethnicity groups and poverty status (low/mid/high) in the decision-making process is of great importance when studying the management of SPLs. The primary goal of this study is to design a novel socio-techno-economic scheduling model of SPLs by considering the uncertain nature of the behavior of EVs' drivers, the power output of renewable energy sources, energy load, as well as obtaining optimal scheduling of SPLs generation plants (wind, combined heat and power (CHP), and storage units (batteries of parked electric cars, electrical and heat storage). The objectives of the dissertation are to (1) investigate the role of energy storage technologies as suitable options to store surplus power, (2) study the role of uncertain parameters in the optimal self-scheduling of the SPLs, such as the behavior of EVs' drivers in terms of arrival and departure times to/from the SPL and the state-of-charge (SoC) of the battery of EVs when arriving at the SPL, renewable energy generation, electrical energy load, and power market price, (3) determine the optimal setpoints of the SPL components (e.g., CHP, electrical and heat energy storages, etc.) to maximize the monetary benefits of SPLs, (4) consider the social equity access to EVs charging infrastructure such as MCSs by developing MCSs accessibility measures and quantifying the equity impacts of MCSs locations by modeling prioritized demand based on several indices, and (5) apply price elasticity-based DRP to manage the EV battery charging in the stations considering the role of EV aggregators.