Magma-Faulting Interactions during the June, 2007 East Rift Zone Eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i
Open Access
- Author:
- Leeburn, Jeffrey
- Graduate Program:
- Geosciences
- Degree:
- Master of Science
- Document Type:
- Master Thesis
- Date of Defense:
- June 22, 2020
- Committee Members:
- Christelle Wauthier, Thesis Advisor/Co-Advisor
Charles James Ammon, Committee Member
Peter Christopher La Femina, Committee Member
Mark E Patzkowsky, Program Head/Chair - Keywords:
- Kilauea
volcano
Coulomb
volcanic stress
decollement
Hawaii
InSAR
offset tracking
remote sensing
volcanic deformation
inversion
geodetic modeling
rift zone
stress changes
neighbourhood algorithm
intrusion
dike - Abstract:
- The East Rift Zone (ERZ) of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i, represents one of the most volcanically active regions in the world. The 2007 Father’s Day (FD) dike intrusion, eruption, and accompanying slow-slip event (SSE) has been previously modeled using geodetic data to constrain the geometry of the intrusion and the timing and magnitude of the SSE. Here, we perform inversions of three Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) datasets and a new intensity offset tracking dataset to assess the effect of integrating intensity cross-correlation offsets into inversion problems and explore additional potential models for the intrusion geometry of the FD event based on this additional data. Our optimal intrusion structure dips subvertically at ~84 degrees and reaches from ~1600 meters to less than 30 meters below the surface with an overpressure of ~3.7 MPa and average opening of ~1.7 meters. The intrusion exhibits a quadrangular geometry with a bottom length ~1.3 times its top length and a small surface breach at its eastern end. Additionally, we test candidate models including multiple surface breaches and free-slipping decollement movement but found these to only exert minor influence on the fit of candidate geometries. Finally, we examine the Coulomb stress fields for the proposed decollement fault created by our preferred model and a representative model of deep rift opening, and find that the dike intrusion created a negative stress regime for decollement slip within a region of seismicity associated with the 2007 SSE event. However, the 2007 intrusion does induce minor positive stress along the eastern portion of the proposed decollement, supporting the hypotheses for western and downdip migration of the slow-slip pattern following intrusion-related triggering in the east.