1. BLACK EAST ST. LOUIS: POLITICS AND ECONOMY IN A BORDER CITY, 1860-1945 Open Access Author: Lumpkins, Charles L Title: BLACK EAST ST. LOUIS: POLITICS AND ECONOMY IN A BORDER CITY, 1860-1945 Graduate Program: History Keywords: African Americansindustrial cityrace riotspolitical actionspolitical activismpolitical machinesIllinoisblack politics File: Download Lumpkins.pdf Committee Members: Nan Elizabeth Woodruff, Committee Chair/Co-ChairDaniel L Letwin, Committee MemberAlan V Derickson, Committee MemberRobyn C Spencer, Committee MemberLovalerie King, Committee Member